Definitions and Examples of Orthography

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Orthography is the practice or study of correct spelling according to established usage. In a broader sense, orthography can refer to the study of letters and how they are used to express sounds and form words. "Prosody and orthography are not parts of grammar," Ben Johnson wrote in the early 1600s, "but diffused like the blood and spirits through the whole."

  • Adjective: orthographic or orthographical.
  • Etymology: From the Greek, "correct writing"
  • Pronunciation: or-THOG-rah-fee

Examples and Observations

  • Mark Twain
    Some people have an idea that correct spelling can be taught, and taught to anybody. That is a mistake. The spelling faculty is born in man, like poetry, music and art. It is a gift; a talent. People who have this talent in a high degree need only to see a word once in print and it is forever photographed upon their memory. They cannot forget it. People who haven't it must be content to spell more or less like thunder, and expect to splinter the dictionary wherever their orthographic lightning happens to strike.

Graphology

  • Tom McArthur
    In linguistics... the name for the study of the writing system is graphology, a level of language parallel to phonology. The earlier, prescriptive sense of the term [orthography] continues to be used, but the later, more neutral sense is common among scholars of language.

Spelling Variations

  • David Crystal
    Even in orthography, the area that is often said to have become completely standardized by 1800, we find a remarkable amount of variation, as Sidney Greenbaum established in 1986. He carried out a survey to estimate how much spelling variation there was in Modern English... He found an average of three variant forms per page [of a dictionary]--296 entries... As a percentage of all the entries in the dictionary, this was a remarkable 5.6 per cent.

Ben Franklin's Warning

  • David Wolman
    [Benjamin] Franklin felt that the ever-widening gap between spelling and pronunciation was leading the language down a denigrating path toward a logographic orthography, in which symbols represent whole words, not a system for producing sound units, as in c-a-t. He considered languages like Mandarin ghastly for their memorization requirements, an 'old manner of Writing' that was less sophisticated than a phonological alphabet. 'If we go on as we have done a few Centuries longer,' Franklin warned, 'our words will gradually cease to express sounds, they will only stand for things.'

Spelling Reform

  • Joseph Berger
    Like such ideological forefathers as George Bernard Shaw, Theodore Roosevelt and Andrew Carnegie, [Edward Rondthaler] wants to clear up the whims of spelling by adopting a more phonetic version of English, one where words are written as they sound and pronounced as they are written...
    'The kee to ending English iliterasy is to adopt a speling that's riten as it sounds,' he writes in his fashion.

The Lighter Side of Orthography

If you've grown weary of hearing that you need to improve your spelling skills, consider these options:

  1. Boost your self-esteem and baffle your acquaintances by insisting that you're a specialist in cacography. You don't need to tell them that cacography is nothing more than a fancy term for bad spelling.
  2. Blame the English language. Compared to German, for instance, English spelling is unquestionably haphazard, eccentric, and sometimes downright perverse. Need an example? In English, cough, plough, rough, and through don't rhyme. (Of course, despite all the vagaries of English spelling, millions of people have figured out the system.)
  3. Work on improving your spelling skills. Seriously--spelling matters. According to a report from BBC News, three-quarters of employers say that they would be put off by a job candidate who had poor spelling or grammar.
  4. Remind your teachers and friends that not all great writers have been great spellers, and then as evidence point them to Shakespeare's Sonnet 138 in its original form:
When my love sweares that she is made of truth,
I do beleeve her, though I know she lyes,
That she might thinke me some untuterd youth,
Unlearned in the worlds false subtilties.

But be careful: some wiseacre might remind you that Shakespeare wrote in an era before English spelling had been standardized. In fact, Will died 40 years before the publication of the first comprehensive English dictionary.

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Nordquist, Richard. "Definitions and Examples of Orthography." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/what-is-orthography-1691463. Nordquist, Richard. (2023, April 5). Definitions and Examples of Orthography. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-orthography-1691463 Nordquist, Richard. "Definitions and Examples of Orthography." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-orthography-1691463 (accessed March 28, 2024).