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Parts of an Argument

RefutationExordiumNarratio

"confirmation"

From Richard Nordquist,
Your Guide to Grammar & Composition.
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Definition:

The main part of a speech or text in which logical arguments in support of a position are elaborated. Also one of the progymnasmata. (See What Are the Progymnasmata?)

Etymology:

From the Latin, "strengthen"

Examples:

  • "The few bright meteors in man's intellectual horizon could could well be matched by woman, were she allowed to occupy the same elevated position. There is no need of naming the De Staels, the Rolands, the Somervilles, the Wollstonecrafts, the Wrights, the Fullers, the Martineaus, the Hemanses, the Sigourneys, the Jagiellos, and the many more of modern as well as ancient times, to prove her mental powers, her patriotism, her heroism, her self-sacrificing devotion to the cause of humanity--the eloquence that gushes from her pen or from her tongue. These things are too well known to require repetition. And do you ask for fortitude of mind, energy, and perseverance? Then look at woman under suffering, reverse of fortune, and affliction, when the strength and power of man has sunk to the lowest ebb, when his mind is overwhelmed by the dark waters of despair. She, like the tender plant, bent but not broken by the storms of life, now only upholds her own hopeful courage, but, like the tender shoots of the ivy, clings around the tempest-fallen oak, to bind up the wounds, peak hope to his faltering spirit, and shelter him from the returning blast of the storm."
    (Ernestine Rose, "An Address on Women's Rights" 1851)


  • "This food would likewise bring great custom to taverns; where the vintners will certainly be so prudent as to procure the best receipts for dressing it to perfection, and consequently have their houses frequented by all the fine gentlemen."
    (Jonathan Swift, "A Modest Proposal")
Audio LinkPronunciation: kon-fur-MAY-shun
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